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Angiokeratoma shows dilatation of capillaries in the upper dermis and it also shows some epidermal changes, like- hyperkeratosis, papillomatosis, and thickening of epidermis or acanthosis .Clinical presentation of angiokeratoma includes plaques over the skin of lower limbs, mostly on the buttocks or thigh. It is usually identified clinically but a definitive diagnosis is made only on histopathological examination.A deeper biopsy of the lesion is empirically essential to make a concrete diagnosis as the characteristic changes seen in angiokeratoma, are limited to superficial dermis. Our case report has a 24 years old female presenting with unilateral, linear, bluish-black verrucous plaque on the back of left elbow.
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Carcinoma colon ranks third among the commonest cancer in the world, while seen less common in the Asian countries however lately an increasing trend has been observed. Majorly the elderly population is at an increased risk of colon cancer however early onset of the disease has also been observed in past few years. Various histologic subtypes with different prognoses are present, but the most common histological type is Adenocarcinoma (1). Signet-ring cell carcinoma (SRCC) is a known rare subtype of colorectal carcinoma (< 1%) officially recognized by the WHO, mucinous types are aggressive with poor outcomes and are most commonly diagnosed around the fourth to fifth decade of life comprising only 1% of colorectal cancers. So we report a case of a 40-year-old male with adenocarcinoma colon of signet ring cell type. The patient presented with localized abdominal discomfort with only generalized weakness and fatigue which was later evaluated to be a near-obstructing right-sided colonic mass. Patient was taken up for surgery and was found to have diffuse carcinomatosis
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Urinary bladder neoplasm is the 10 most common cancer in the world, predominantly affecting males. Nowadays incidence of urinary bladder carcinoma in female has increased. It is a uncommon type carcinoma of urinary bladder. It resembles to non-keratinizing carcinoma of nasopharynx. This study report a case of 65 years old male presented with painless gross hematuria for 3 weeks. Patient was a known case of Meckel's diverticulum. Ultrasonography and cystoscopy showed a mass on lateral wall of urinary bladder measuring 3x3 cm . A radical cystectomy of the urinary bladder tumor was done. He was diagnosed as case of lymphoepithelioma like carcinoma of urinary bladder along with benign prostate hyperplasia and Meckel's diverticulum was made with stage 2. According to the WHO classification criteria, Lymphoepithelioma like carcinoma is a subtype of undifferentiated carcinomas. Immunohistochemical stains are helpful to differentiate Lymphoepithelioma from primary lymphoma of the bladder. Differentiation of LELCB from urothelial carcinoma is important, since it has better prognosis compared to pure urothelial carcinoma. It is important to diagnose this neoplasm for therapeutic as well as prognostic purpose.
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Eccrine spiradenoma is one of the rare, benign dermal neoplasm showing eccrine sweat gland differentiation. The literature search accounts for less than 100 reported cases of eccrine spiradenoma. Clinically, the lesion presents as solitary, intradermal, circumscribed, round or oval, firm, painful or tender nodule measuring from 0.3 - 5 cm in diameter. Rarely if ES, presents as multiple lesions, in combination with other types of adnexal tumors such as cylindromas & trichoepitheliomas, it can be considered as a part of the Brooke-Spiegler syndrome. Majority of these tumours appear on the head/face & upper trunk region of the body. Spiradenomas arise in early adulthood in most instances with few reports also of congenital cases and no sex predilection seen. The definitive diagnosis is made by excisional biopsy of the tumour. Complete tumor excision with clear surgical margins is considered the primary treatment for these cases. Here, we present a rare case report of a 58 years old male presenting with a soft, cystic lesion in the left lumbar region of the abdomen for past 2 years duration. Surgical excision of the tumour was done with clear margins and the specimen was sent for histopathological examination. Due to the overlapping histomorphological features, this tumour is often confused with cylindromas and trichoepitheliomas along with other vascular tumours. Eccrine Spiradenoma, although a benign tumour, but malignant transformation has been described especially in long-standing cases or multiple lesions. So, early diagnosis is very important to prevent recurrence and to identify any onset of malignant transformation
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INTRODUCTION- Gliomas are the tumor of glial cells found in Central nervous System. High Grade Gliomas are rare in pediatric age group. Definitive diagnosis is made by histopathological examination. A 2 ½ year old male admitted with the complaint of abnormal tonic-clonic body movements along with headache, nausea, vomiting and fever. CT scan showed a poorly circumscribed hypodense lesion involving fronto- parietal region. Surgery was performed and specimen sent for histopathological examination. Histopathological examination showed features of high grade glioma like microvascular proliferation, necrosis and haemorrhage. Cerebral tumors are the most common childhood neoplastic tumors. Gliomas are generally classified into low grade glioma and high grade glioma. High Grade glioma is rare in pediatric age group. Most commonly they present in supra tentorial compartment. The most common cerebral cortex involved are frontal lobe followed by parietal and temporal. Clinical signs and symptoms of High grade gliomas are seizure, headache, nausea, vomiting and visual disturbances. CT scan showed a poorly circumscribed hypodense lesion involving left fronto- parietal region mainly. Definitive diagnosis of high grade glioma is by histopathological examination. Histopathological examination showed hypercellular heterogeneous tumor lying on a fibrillary background. Areas of microvascular proliferation along with necrosis and haemorrhage are also seen. Surgical resection followed by chemotherapy and local radiotherapy are the present recommendation. High grade gliomas are rare pediatric tumor associated with poor outcome. Surgery was performed due to neurological worsening, which was unsuccessful and patient died. Diagnosis was confirmed on histopathological examination. Poor prognosis and high morbidity even after evolution of treatment, demands further research to improve the prognosis and reduce morbidities
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Amelanotic melanoma is an uncommon type of of melanoma which lacks melanin pigment (1). Of all the melanoma cases, approximately 2- 8% cases represents amelanotic melanoma. The exact prevalence of this malignancy is more due to misdiagnosis. Due to lack of clinical criteria and pigmentation, the condition often detected late (2). Amelanotic melanomas are commonly found on the face, which shows microscopically the characteristics of desmoplasia (desmoplastic melanoma), but other body parts can also be involved (4)
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Pyloric gland adenoma is an uncommon precancerous polypoidal growth. Pyloric gland adenoma of stomach accounts for 2.7% of all gastric polyp. Mostly Pyloric gland adenoma are found in stomach but can be found in other anatomical sites. Pyloric gland adenoma of stomach occur in elderly population and having female predominance. Pyloric gland adenoma of stomach is commonly seen in chronic gastritis patients, autoimmune gastritis but can also occur in some genetic disease like familial adenomatous polyposis and Lynch syndrome. Early identification and therapeutic polypectomy by endoscopically and histopathological evaluation and confirmation of pyloric gland adenoma may reduce the chances of transformation of invasive adenocarcinoma
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Mucourmycosis also known as zygomycosis caused by mucorales present in air and soil leads to development of infection in different parts of body common in rhinocerebral area, sinuses, lungs gastrointestinal tract . The major risk factor for its development is diabetes mellitus or any other condition which causes immune suppression. It is a lethal secondary infection seen in COVID -19 infected patients.We present a case of 48 year old diabetic COVID-19 recovered patient who was diagnosed as a case of rhinomaxillary mucourmycosis. He was treated with surgical debridement and Amphotericin B along with strict glycemic control. Early diagnosis and treatment can prevent morbidity and mortality in case of mucourmycosis infection
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Chronic lymphocytic leukemia is a neoplastic entity pertaining to lymphocytes when they get accumulated in either lymph nodes thereby call as Small lymphocytic lymphoma or spilled up in the circulation of the blood. These lymphocytes are mature looking, relatively immunologically competent usually expressing B cell phenotype markers. The median age of affection of patients at the time of diagnosis is 71 years and its incidence increases with age. Its incidence in an age group <50 years is quite uncommon accounting only to 10-15% of total diagnosed cases. Here we are presenting such a rare case report of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia where age of affection is less than 40 years
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Extranodal Lymphomas are most commonly located in gastrointestinal tract. The most common cause of small intestinal obstruction in children is intussusception. However GI lymphomas are a rare cause of intussusception. So we are reporting a case of extranodal lymphoma in a female child presenting as intussusception of small intestine. a 9 years old female child presented with features of subacute intestinal obstruction. On examination a lump was felt in the abdomen. On further evaluation, a computed tomography (CT) revealed a possibility of lymphoma. The bowel segment was excised and sent for histopathological examination. On gross examination a growth was seen along with satellite lesion. 10 lymph nodes were also identified. Representative sections were taken. Microscopic examination showed the presence of medium size to large size lymphoid cells. After immunohistochemical staining a diagnosis of Non Hodgkins Lymphoma (Extranodal Marginal Zone) was made. 1 lymph node was positive for tumour invasion while other 9 were showing reactive hyperplasia. Since both lymphomas and intussesception are common in pediatric age group, lymphoma should always be kept as a differential diagnosis while dealing with a case of intussusception in pediatric age group.
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Context: In India, lung carcinoma is the fifth-most common tumor and second-most common tumor in the males as per the Indian Council of Medical Research registry of 2002. It has been seen that ALDH1 expression in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and the presence of marker was linked to a more tumorigenic potential in the in vivo assessment and shorter disease-free survival in NSCLC patients with platinum treatment. Aims: Hence, our objective was to detect association of cancer stem cell (CSC) marker aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1) with clinicopathological profile in lung carcinoma patients. Settings and Design: This is a Pilot study. Subjects and Methods: It was a Pilot study where biopsies from 55 fresh previously untreated lung cancer patients visiting the Pulmonary Medicine Department of Era's Lucknow Medical College and Hospital Lucknow and King George's Medical University were taken for 18 months November 2014–April 2016, after taking proper informed consent from them. Paraffin blocks were taken and stained by hematoxylin and eosin (Sigma) to make the histopathological diagnosis and immunohistochemistry was done for detection of CSC marker ALDH1 (Daco). Statistical Analysis Used: The statistical analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences Version 15.0 Statistical Analysis Software. The values were represented in number (%) and mean ± standard deviation. Results: Expression of stem cell marker ALDH1 with the staging of the tumor was observed in 62.5% of Stage I, 80% of Stage II, 94.1% of Stage III, and 100% of Stage IV cases. Statistically, there was a significant association between ALDH1expression and stage of disease (P < 0.001). Diagnostic efficacy of ALDH1 expression in the detection of any positive clinical stage, it was found to be 88.6% sensitive and 90.9% specific. Conclusions: Strong ALDH1 expression correlates with higher stage of lung carcinoma making it a prognostic marker needing in-depth study.
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Approximately 95% of intussusception occurs in children, However it is a rare entity in adults accounting for 0.003% to 0.02 % of all the hospital admissions. Various causes of intussusception are well known, However intussusception caused by heterotropic pancreas is extremely rare and the rarity increases manifolds if it is in the duodenum of an adult and the cause being heterotropic pancreas. We report this rare case of intussusception due to pancreatic heterotropia in 43 year old male who presented with acute pain abdomen.
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We report a 17 year old girl with prepancreatic and preduodenal portal vein. She presented with recurrent vomiting. Barium study revealed malrotation of the gut. Laparotomy confirmed malrotation of the gut with a prepancreatic and preduodenal portal vein. The patient is asymptomatic after gastrojejunostomy and vagotomy.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Congenital Abnormalities/diagnosis , Female , Humans , Intestinal Obstruction/complications , Intestines/abnormalities , Portal Vein/abnormalitiesABSTRACT
Fifty repaired complete cleft lip and palate cases (38 UCLP and 12 BCLP) in the age range of 6 to 14 years were evaluated for transverse and vertical asymmetry using postero-anterior cephalograms. A total of nine bilateral landmarks, representing upper face, mid face and lower face were used. Results showed that asymmetry was not confined to any single plane of reference but manifested in both dimensions--transverse and vertical. The UCLP group had greater asymmetry of mid face than the BCLP group. Asymmetry was found to be extending to distant areas besides the contiguous structures.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Cleft Lip/complications , Cleft Palate/complications , Facial Asymmetry/etiology , Female , Humans , Male , Maxillofacial DevelopmentABSTRACT
A twenty five year retrospective study of malignant tumours was carried out. Malignant digestive tract tumours were about 10% of the total. Segment distribution of the lesion showed highest incidence in large intestine (43.3 percent), oroparynx (34.5 percent), stomach (11.3 percent), oesophagus (6.5 percent) and small intestine (4.4 percent). The maximum cases (74.2 percent) were between 31-60 years, the youngest being a two month old female with rhabdomyosarcoma orpharynx and the oldest a 82 year old male with squamous cell carcinoma anal canal.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Child , Child, Preschool , Digestive System Neoplasms/epidemiology , Female , Humans , India , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Middle Aged , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
The relationship of serum and CSF immunoglobulins with the number and duration of schizophrenic episodes was assessed in 40 schizophrenics. The mean IgA was increased in patients having 3 or more episodes as compared with those having the first episode (P less than 0.001). IgM showed a moderate increase in patients with the second episode and those having 3 or more episodes. IgG/TP per cent (IgG/total protein %) was found to be significantly increased in CSF of patients having the first episode, as compared with those having 3 or more episodes (P less than 0.001). IgG was increased (although insignificantly) in the CSF of patients with illness of five years duration as compared to patients having illness of one year duration or for illness between 1-5 yr. IgG/TP per cent was found to be significantly increased in patients having illness for 5 or more years when compared to patients having illness for less than 1 yr (P less than 0.001) and for 1-5 yr (P less than 0.01).